Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.
Identifieur interne : 000444 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000443; suivant : 000445Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.
Auteurs : Stephan Robitaille [Canada] ; Ryan J. Mailloux [Canada] ; Hing Man Chan [Canada]Source :
- Toxicology letters [ 1879-3169 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Astrocytome (anatomopathologie), Astrocytome (enzymologie), Composés méthylés du mercure (toxicité), Disulfure de glutathion (MeSH), Glutarédoxines (antagonistes et inhibiteurs), Glutarédoxines (métabolisme), Glutathion (biosynthèse), Homéostasie (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Lignée cellulaire tumorale (MeSH), Maturation post-traductionnelle des protéines (MeSH), Neurones (anatomopathologie), Neurones (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Neurones (enzymologie), Oxydoréduction (MeSH), Relation dose-effet des médicaments (MeSH), Stress oxydatif (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure (enzymologie), Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure (métabolisme), Tumeurs du système nerveux central (anatomopathologie), Tumeurs du système nerveux central (enzymologie).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Astrocytome, Neurones, Tumeurs du système nerveux central.
- antagonistes et inhibiteurs : Glutarédoxines.
- biosynthèse : Glutathion.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Neurones, Stress oxydatif.
- enzymologie : Astrocytome, Neurones, Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure, Tumeurs du système nerveux central.
- métabolisme : Glutarédoxines, Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure.
- toxicité : Composés méthylés du mercure.
- Disulfure de glutathion, Homéostasie, Humains, Lignée cellulaire tumorale, Maturation post-traductionnelle des protéines, Oxydoréduction, Relation dose-effet des médicaments.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Astrocytoma (enzymology), Astrocytoma (pathology), Cell Line, Tumor (MeSH), Central Nervous System Neoplasms (enzymology), Central Nervous System Neoplasms (pathology), Dose-Response Relationship, Drug (MeSH), Glutaredoxins (antagonists & inhibitors), Glutaredoxins (metabolism), Glutathione (biosynthesis), Glutathione Disulfide (MeSH), Homeostasis (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System (enzymology), Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System (metabolism), Methylmercury Compounds (toxicity), Neurons (drug effects), Neurons (enzymology), Neurons (pathology), Oxidation-Reduction (MeSH), Oxidative Stress (drug effects), Protein Processing, Post-Translational (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , antagonists & inhibitors : Glutaredoxins.
- chemical , biosynthesis : Glutathione.
- drug effects : Neurons, Oxidative Stress.
- enzymology : Astrocytoma, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System, Neurons.
- chemical , metabolism : Glutaredoxins, Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System.
- pathology : Astrocytoma, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Neurons.
- chemical , toxicity : Methylmercury Compounds.
- Cell Line, Tumor, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Glutathione Disulfide, Homeostasis, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Processing, Post-Translational.
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that binds strongly to thiol residues on protein and low molecular weight molecules like reduced glutathione (GSH). The mechanism of its effects on GSH homeostasis particularly at environmentally relevant low doses is not fully known. We hypothesized that exposure to MeHg would lead to a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an accumulation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) leading to alterations in S-glutathionylation of proteins. Our results showed exposure to low concentrations of MeHg (1μM) did not significantly alter GSH levels but increased GSSG levels by ∼12-fold. This effect was associated with a significant increase in total cellular glutathione content and a decrease in GSH/GSSG. Immunoblot analyses revealed that proteins involved in glutathione synthesis were upregulated accounting for the increase in cellular glutathione. This was associated an increase in cellular Nrf2 protein levels which is required to induce the expression of antioxidant genes in response to cellular stress. Intriguingly, we noted that a key enzyme involved in reversing protein S-glutathionylation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), was inhibited by ∼50%. MeHg treatment also increased the S-glutathionylation of a high molecular weight protein. This observation is consistent with the inhibition of Grx1 and elevated H2O2 production however; contrary to our original hypothesis we found few S-glutathionylated proteins in the astrocytoma cells. Collectively, MeHg affects multiple arms of glutathione homeostasis ranging from pool management to protein S-glutathionylation and Grx1 activity.
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.013
PubMed: 27180086
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.</title><author><name sortKey="Robitaille, Stephan" sort="Robitaille, Stephan" uniqKey="Robitaille S" first="Stephan" last="Robitaille">Stephan Robitaille</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailloux, Ryan J" sort="Mailloux, Ryan J" uniqKey="Mailloux R" first="Ryan J" last="Mailloux">Ryan J. Mailloux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Newfoundland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Hing Man" sort="Chan, Hing Man" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hing Man" last="Chan">Hing Man Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada. Electronic address: laurie.chan@uottawa.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27180086</idno><idno type="pmid">27180086</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.013</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000439</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000439</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000439</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000439</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000439</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.</title><author><name sortKey="Robitaille, Stephan" sort="Robitaille, Stephan" uniqKey="Robitaille S" first="Stephan" last="Robitaille">Stephan Robitaille</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailloux, Ryan J" sort="Mailloux, Ryan J" uniqKey="Mailloux R" first="Ryan J" last="Mailloux">Ryan J. Mailloux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Newfoundland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Hing Man" sort="Chan, Hing Man" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hing Man" last="Chan">Hing Man Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada. Electronic address: laurie.chan@uottawa.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Toxicology letters</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-3169</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Astrocytoma (enzymology)</term><term>Astrocytoma (pathology)</term><term>Cell Line, Tumor (MeSH)</term><term>Central Nervous System Neoplasms (enzymology)</term><term>Central Nervous System Neoplasms (pathology)</term><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug (MeSH)</term><term>Glutaredoxins (antagonists & inhibitors)</term><term>Glutaredoxins (metabolism)</term><term>Glutathione (biosynthesis)</term><term>Glutathione Disulfide (MeSH)</term><term>Homeostasis (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System (enzymology)</term><term>Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System (metabolism)</term><term>Methylmercury Compounds (toxicity)</term><term>Neurons (drug effects)</term><term>Neurons (enzymology)</term><term>Neurons (pathology)</term><term>Oxidation-Reduction (MeSH)</term><term>Oxidative Stress (drug effects)</term><term>Protein Processing, Post-Translational (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Astrocytome (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Astrocytome (enzymologie)</term><term>Composés méthylés du mercure (toxicité)</term><term>Disulfure de glutathion (MeSH)</term><term>Glutarédoxines (antagonistes et inhibiteurs)</term><term>Glutarédoxines (métabolisme)</term><term>Glutathion (biosynthèse)</term><term>Homéostasie (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale (MeSH)</term><term>Maturation post-traductionnelle des protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Neurones (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Neurones (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Neurones (enzymologie)</term><term>Oxydoréduction (MeSH)</term><term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments (MeSH)</term><term>Stress oxydatif (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure (enzymologie)</term><term>Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure (métabolisme)</term><term>Tumeurs du système nerveux central (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Tumeurs du système nerveux central (enzymologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="antagonists & inhibitors" xml:lang="en"><term>Glutaredoxins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="biosynthesis" xml:lang="en"><term>Glutathione</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Astrocytome</term><term>Neurones</term><term>Tumeurs du système nerveux central</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="antagonistes et inhibiteurs" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glutarédoxines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="biosynthèse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glutathion</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Neurons</term><term>Oxidative Stress</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Neurones</term><term>Stress oxydatif</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Astrocytome</term><term>Neurones</term><term>Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure</term><term>Tumeurs du système nerveux central</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Astrocytoma</term><term>Central Nervous System Neoplasms</term><term>Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System</term><term>Neurons</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Glutaredoxins</term><term>Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glutarédoxines</term><term>Troubles neurologiques de l'intoxication par le mercure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Astrocytoma</term><term>Central Nervous System Neoplasms</term><term>Neurons</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Methylmercury Compounds</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Composés méthylés du mercure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Line, Tumor</term><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term><term>Glutathione Disulfide</term><term>Homeostasis</term><term>Humans</term><term>Oxidation-Reduction</term><term>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Disulfure de glutathion</term><term>Homéostasie</term><term>Humains</term><term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale</term><term>Maturation post-traductionnelle des protéines</term><term>Oxydoréduction</term><term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that binds strongly to thiol residues on protein and low molecular weight molecules like reduced glutathione (GSH). The mechanism of its effects on GSH homeostasis particularly at environmentally relevant low doses is not fully known. We hypothesized that exposure to MeHg would lead to a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an accumulation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) leading to alterations in S-glutathionylation of proteins. Our results showed exposure to low concentrations of MeHg (1μM) did not significantly alter GSH levels but increased GSSG levels by ∼12-fold. This effect was associated with a significant increase in total cellular glutathione content and a decrease in GSH/GSSG. Immunoblot analyses revealed that proteins involved in glutathione synthesis were upregulated accounting for the increase in cellular glutathione. This was associated an increase in cellular Nrf2 protein levels which is required to induce the expression of antioxidant genes in response to cellular stress. Intriguingly, we noted that a key enzyme involved in reversing protein S-glutathionylation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), was inhibited by ∼50%. MeHg treatment also increased the S-glutathionylation of a high molecular weight protein. This observation is consistent with the inhibition of Grx1 and elevated H2O2 production however; contrary to our original hypothesis we found few S-glutathionylated proteins in the astrocytoma cells. Collectively, MeHg affects multiple arms of glutathione homeostasis ranging from pool management to protein S-glutathionylation and Grx1 activity. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27180086</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-3169</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>256</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Toxicology letters</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Toxicol Lett</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1-10</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.013</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0378-4274(16)30110-2</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that binds strongly to thiol residues on protein and low molecular weight molecules like reduced glutathione (GSH). The mechanism of its effects on GSH homeostasis particularly at environmentally relevant low doses is not fully known. We hypothesized that exposure to MeHg would lead to a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an accumulation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) leading to alterations in S-glutathionylation of proteins. Our results showed exposure to low concentrations of MeHg (1μM) did not significantly alter GSH levels but increased GSSG levels by ∼12-fold. This effect was associated with a significant increase in total cellular glutathione content and a decrease in GSH/GSSG. Immunoblot analyses revealed that proteins involved in glutathione synthesis were upregulated accounting for the increase in cellular glutathione. This was associated an increase in cellular Nrf2 protein levels which is required to induce the expression of antioxidant genes in response to cellular stress. Intriguingly, we noted that a key enzyme involved in reversing protein S-glutathionylation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), was inhibited by ∼50%. MeHg treatment also increased the S-glutathionylation of a high molecular weight protein. This observation is consistent with the inhibition of Grx1 and elevated H2O2 production however; contrary to our original hypothesis we found few S-glutathionylated proteins in the astrocytoma cells. Collectively, MeHg affects multiple arms of glutathione homeostasis ranging from pool management to protein S-glutathionylation and Grx1 activity. </AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Robitaille</LastName><ForeName>Stephan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mailloux</LastName><ForeName>Ryan J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Hing Man</ForeName><Initials>HM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada. Electronic address: laurie.chan@uottawa.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Toxicol Lett</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7709027</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0378-4274</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C516005">GLRX protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D054477">Glutaredoxins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008767">Methylmercury Compounds</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>GAN16C9B8O</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005978">Glutathione</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>ULW86O013H</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019803">Glutathione Disulfide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001254" MajorTopicYN="N">Astrocytoma</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="Y">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045744" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Line, Tumor</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016543" MajorTopicYN="N">Central Nervous System Neoplasms</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="Y">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004305" MajorTopicYN="N">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054477" MajorTopicYN="N">Glutaredoxins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="Y">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005978" MajorTopicYN="N">Glutathione</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000096" MajorTopicYN="Y">biosynthesis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019803" MajorTopicYN="N">Glutathione Disulfide</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006706" MajorTopicYN="N">Homeostasis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020262" MajorTopicYN="N">Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="Y">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008767" MajorTopicYN="N">Methylmercury Compounds</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000633" MajorTopicYN="Y">toxicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009474" MajorTopicYN="N">Neurons</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="N">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010084" MajorTopicYN="N">Oxidation-Reduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018384" MajorTopicYN="N">Oxidative Stress</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011499" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Processing, Post-Translational</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Astrocytoma cells</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Glutathione</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Grx1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Methylmercury</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nrf2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sglutahionylation</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27180086</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0378-4274(16)30110-2</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.013</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Robitaille, Stephan" sort="Robitaille, Stephan" uniqKey="Robitaille S" first="Stephan" last="Robitaille">Stephan Robitaille</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chan, Hing Man" sort="Chan, Hing Man" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hing Man" last="Chan">Hing Man Chan</name><name sortKey="Mailloux, Ryan J" sort="Mailloux, Ryan J" uniqKey="Mailloux R" first="Ryan J" last="Mailloux">Ryan J. Mailloux</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/GlutaredoxinV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000444 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000444 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= GlutaredoxinV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:27180086
|texte= Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27180086" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a GlutaredoxinV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |